NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards
FIPS 203 (ML-KEM), FIPS 204 (ML-DSA), and FIPS 205 (SLH-DSA). The foundational standards for post-quantum migration.
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Primary sources and further reading
Curated links to the standards, government guidance, and platform documentation referenced throughout The Quantum Almanac 2026-2027.
Primary sources referenced in The Quantum Almanac 2026-2027. Includes NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standards (FIPS 203, 204, 205), G7 Cyber Expert Group financial sector quantum roadmap, Apple quantum-secure TLS guide, Microsoft PQC APIs, CISA Post-Quantum Cryptography Initiative, NSA CNSA 2.0 algorithm suite, OMB Memorandum M-23-02 on federal post-quantum migration, and Cloudflare post-quantum deployment.
Standards
Standards sources
Government
Government sources
G7 Cyber Expert Group: Financial Sector Quantum Roadmap
G7 coordination on quantum risk to the financial ecosystem, released January 12, 2026.
View sourceCISA: Post-Quantum Cryptography Initiative
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s quantum readiness guidance and migration resources.
View sourceNSA CNSA 2.0 Algorithm Suite
The Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0, specifying quantum-resistant algorithms for national security systems.
View sourceOMB Memorandum M-23-02
White House directive requiring federal agencies to inventory and migrate cryptographic systems to post-quantum standards.
View sourcePlatform
Platform sources
Apple: Prepare Your Network for Quantum-Secure Encryption
Apple’s guide on quantum-secure TLS deployment, addressing harvest-now-decrypt-later threats.
View sourceMicrosoft: Post-Quantum Cryptography APIs
Microsoft’s announcement of generally available PQC APIs across its platform, November 2025.
View sourceCloudflare: Post-Quantum Cryptography Deployment
Cloudflare’s rollout of post-quantum key agreement across its network, covering billions of daily connections.
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